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Moomba Festival

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Moomba Festival
Waterskiing events at Moomba
GenreCarnival
BeginsLabour day long weekend (second Monday in March)
Frequencyannual
Location(s)Melbourne, Australia
Years active69
Inaugurated1955
Previous event2020
Attendance3.8 million (2.3 million tourists; record, set in 2018)[citation needed]
Organised byCity of Melbourne
Websitemoomba.melbourne.vic.gov.au

Moomba (also known as the Moomba Festival) is held annually in Melbourne, Australia. Run by the City of Melbourne, it is Australia's largest free community festival.[1] The Melburnian tradition is celebrated over four days, incorporating the Labour Day long weekend, from Friday to the second Monday in March. Moomba is culturally important to Melbourne, having been celebrated since 1955, and regularly attracts up to a million people, with a record attendance of 3.8 million (2.3 million tourists) set in 2018.[citation needed]

In 2003, the event was renamed Melbourne Moomba Waterfest.

Traditional events include the Moomba parade, crowning of Moomba monarchs, fireworks displays, carnivals in the gardens along the river, river activities including watersports, water floats and the Birdman Rally, as well as live music and bands.

In 2021, the usual Moomba was cancelled by Melbourne City Council, for the first time ever, due to events and issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. However "Moomba 2.0" events were held on 5–8 March. In 2024 a forecast of extremely hot weather caused the Moomba Parade to be cancelled.

Origins

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In 1951, Australia celebrated fifty years of Federation with a parade and the staging of the theatre production An Aboriginal Moomba: Out of the Dark. In 1954, Queen Elizabeth II visited the city for the first time as reigning monarch, and the City Development Association and the Melbourne City Council proposed an autumn carnival to be called "Moomba".[2]

A committee was formed in July, 1954 to organise and fund the event, successfully allocating £10,000 to its inaugural running. Before the event's first year, controversy was created when Labor Councillor Frank Williams resigned from the committee, branding the planned carnival as a "Bourke street joke for the benefit of shopkeepers".[3] A promotional theme song "Come to Melbourne for the Moomba" was written by Jack O'Hagan.

Etymology

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The festival was originally named Moomba by organisers in the belief it was a native word meaning 'let's get together and have fun.' Credit is usually given to Bill Onus, a unionist and member of the Australian Aborigines' League for proposing the term, which he used in a play, Aboriginal Moomba in 1951.[4] In 1969 Luise Hercus glossed the word mum (rhyming with 'vroom')[5] as meaning 'bottom, rump', and suggested mum-ba meant something like 'bottom and..', and had been introduced from Healesville usage as a joke.[6] In 1981 Barry Blake analysed the word as combining as mum (anus) and –ba, a locative suffix meaning 'at, in, on'. This would give the sense of 'up your bum/arse'.[7][8]

Onus himself, according to his daughter-in-law, who said she had heard the story from Onus's wife Mary, had picked up the word from a word list of indigenous terms.[4] Some say he did it to get back at the city council for having deliberately upstaged the traditional Labour Day march with a popular carnival. Lin Onus, his son, stated that indeed his father had intended to play a prank in passing on the word with this sense.[5]

Event history

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The first Moomba was a 15-day festival officially opened on 12 March 1955 by the State Governor, Sir Dallas Brooks.[9] The inaugural programme included a fireworks display, parade, vintage car display, Henley rowing regatta, river floats including a "Lord Mayor's houseboat", cycling race, tennis at Kooyong, concerts including performances by the Victorian Symphony Orchestra and Royal Philharmonic choir, crowning of the Queen of Moomba and riverside carnival. 25,000 turned out to watch the inaugural Moomba parade down Swanston Street. The first Moomba was heavily criticised by Melbourne's conservative establishment, including the Anglican Church, which at the time claimed it was hedonistic and embodying social decay.[10] Council responded to the criticism citing that Moomba was intended to be a festival for families and as such is reinforcing family values in society.[11]

One of the popular events associated with Moomba was the Herald Sun Outdoor Art Show in the Treasury Gardens.[12][13]

After the 2016 Moomba festival fireworks there was a large-scale brawl in and around Federation Square in Melbourne's Central Business District, largely between members of two gangs, Apex and Islander 23.[14][15]

2021 – Moomba 2.0

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In 2021 the usual Moomba events were cancelled by Melbourne City Council, for the first time ever, due to COVID-19 restrictions and Victoria's third lockdown in February. The Moomba Parade and the Birdman Rally were already cancelled.[16]

Instead of the normal festival attractions, Lord Mayor Sally Capp said Moomba 2.0 will be: "... a series of fun, family friendly events and attractions across the city that will help bring the buzz back to Melbourne." There was ticketing and COVID-safe marshals at all sites. Moomba 2.0 was a COVID-safe event.[17]

Events

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Parade and floats

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A parade (or "procession") and floats through the streets of Melbourne have been a key part of the Moomba festival since its beginning. Each year it attracts over 100,000 people to Melbourne's city centre as well as being shown on free-to-air television in Melbourne.

The first Moomba procession was held in 1955. It was first televised in 1957, the year after the Melbourne 1956 Olympics.

Snuff Puppets float Moomba Parade 2001

The floats have an annual theme, usually an elaboration on "Let's get together and have fun", the avowed mission and vision statement of Moomba and are usually from sister cities (of which Melbourne has six), schools and community groups. They also promote some aspect of the arts, like singing, dancing, or design. Swanston Street is the traditional home of the floats and spine of the city and horse- or tractor-drawn floats use the tram tracks. Decorated trams are sometimes also featured.

In 2001, the parade came under media controversy when a French Troupe and Melbourne's Snuff Puppets had floats with naked people covered in body paint.

In 2024 the parade, in its 70th year, was cancelled due to a heatwave with forecast temperatures from the high 30s to low 40s°C.[18]

Moomba monarchy

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The Moomba monarchy has been one of the most celebrated and controversial components of the festival over the years.[19]

Queens of Moomba (1955–1987)

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A crown worn by Queens of Moomba, circa 1980s.

The first Moomba monarchs were the Queens of Moomba, awarded from the inaugural festival in 1955.[20] The role was decided by a beauty pageant competition. It was awarded for the last time in 1987, as a new gender-neutral monarch position was established and the beauty pageant was abolished.

Notably, 1966 Moomba Queen Erica McMillan was killed in a car accident seven weeks after the festival, in the car which she had received as a prize for being voted Queen.[21]

Year Queen
1955 Beverley Stewart
1956 Fay Chapman
1957 Patricia Bramwell
1958 Norma Jones
1959 Honni Freger
1960 Pat Tudor
1961 Rhonda Parker
1962 Gillian Munro
1963 Anne Maree Cafarella
1964 Ria Luyben
1965 Pauline Verey
1966 Erica McMillan
1967 Patsy Earp
1968 Judy Fenelon
1969 Janine Forbes
1970 Fiona Ross
1971 Carolyn Gibbs
1972 Debbi Scott
1973 Janice Bridgeford
1974 Marianne Perrott
1975 Aurora Laurins
1976 Julie Costa
1977 Sharyn Duncan
1978 Deanna DeBona
1979 Michelle Worsley
1980 Elizabeth Egan
1981 Kim Formosa
1982 Sharon McKenzie
1983 Linda Knight
1984 Kim Kermonde
1985 Anne Erikson
1986 Ingrid Johansen
1987 Marita Jones

Kings of Moomba (1967–1987)

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A crown worn by Kings of Moomba, circa 1980s.

Kings of Moomba were named beginning in 1967. The role was awarded to male celebrities. It too was abolished following the 1987 festival as the gender-neutral monarch was introduced.[19][20]

Occasionally, a "court jester" was also named to accompany the king.

Key
00000000 Court jester
Year King Nationality Notability
1967 Robert Morley  United Kingdom Actor
1968 Alfred Marks  United Kingdom Actor
1969 Tito Gobbi[a]  Italy Opera singer
1970 Johnny Famechon  Australia Boxer
1971 Oleg Popov  Soviet Union Clown
1972 Johnny Farnham  Australia Singer
Lou Richards  Australia Australian rules footballer
1973 Douglas Nicholls  Australia Aboriginal Australian rules footballer and pastor
1974 Robert Helpmann  Australia Ballet dancer
1975 Rolf Harris  Australia Entertainer
1976 Barry Crocker  Australia Entertainer
1977 Mickey Mouse  United States Disney character
Ugly Dave Gray  United Kingdom Entertainer
1978 Bert Newton  Australia Entertainer
1979 Graham Kennedy  Australia Entertainer
1980 Paul Cronin  Australia Actor
1981 Lou Richards  Australia Australian rules footballer
1982 Frank Thring  Australia Actor
1983 Daryl Somers  Australia Entertainer
1984 Kevin Bartlett  Australia Australian rules footballer
1985 Molly Meldrum  Australia Music industry figure
1986 Peter Brock  Australia Racing driver
1987 Paul McNamee  Australia Tennis player
  1. ^ Gobbi rejected the role after negative feedback, before "return[ing] to his throne" six days later.[22]

Moomba Monarchs (1988–1998, 2010–present)

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2014 Moomba monarchs Lucy Durack and Bert Newton

In 1988, a gender-neutral Moomba Monarch position was established. Winners are typically celebrities and may be any gender. The first was television presenter Jo Pearson. In 1999 the tradition ended when clowns Zig and Zag were appointed. After it was revealed that, years before, Zig (Jack Perry) had pleaded guilty to child molestation, they were dethroned. In 2010 the tradition was restored, with Molly Meldrum and Kate Ceberano being named King and Queen of Moomba.[23]

On some occasions, non-celebrities have been named for various reasons.

Key
00000000 Non-celebrity
Year Monarch/s Nationality Notability
1988 Jo Pearson  Australia Television presenter
1989 Con "the Fruiterer" Dikaletis  Greece Character portrayed by Australian actor Mark Mitchell
1990 David Hanison  Australia Taxi driver
1991 Tony Shaw  Australia Australian rules footballer
1992 Don Dunstan  Australia Politician
1993 Oarsome Foursome  Australia Australian representative men's rowing coxless four crew, consisting of Andrew Cooper, Nick Green, Mike McKay and James Tomkins
1994 Andrew Gaze  Australia Basketballer
1995 Cathy Freeman  Australia Sprinter
1996 Marina Prior  Australia Singer and actor
1997 Lano and Woodley  Australia Comedy duo, consisting of Colin Lane ("Lano") and Frank Woodley
1998 Denise Drysdale  Australia Entertainer
1999–2009 No Monarch[a]
2010 Kate Ceberano  Australia Singer
Molly Meldrum  Australia Music industry figure
2011 Mick Malthouse  Australia Australian rules football coach
Ruby Rose  Australia Model and television presenter
2012 Natalie Bassingthwaighte  Australia Entertainer
Harry Kewell  Australia Soccer player
2013[b] Stephanie Carr  Australia Department of Sustainability and Environment community engagement facilitator
Karla Challis  Australia Victoria Police family violence advisor
Alan Eade  Australia Ambulance Victoria paramedic and St John Ambulance Australia chief commissioner
Sandy Faoro  Australia Victoria State Emergency Service unit controller
April Himmelreich  Australia Country Fire Authority volunteer firefighter
Scott McGraw  Australia Metropolitan Fire Brigade firefighter
Brendan Nottle  Australia Salvation Army commanding officer
2014 Lucy Durack  Australia Actor
Bert Newton  Australia Entertainer
2015 Pallavi Sharda  Australia Actor
Shane Warne  Australia Cricketer
2016 Michelle Payne  Australia Jockey
Stevie Payne  Australia Michelle Payne's brother and strapper
2017 Guy Grossi  Australia Chef
Karen Martini  Australia Chef
2018 Jimmy Giggle  Australia Children's entertainer
Chrissie Swan  Australia Television personality
2019 Jane Bunn  Australia Meteorologist and weather presenter
Archie Thompson  Australia Soccer player
2020 Nazeem Hussain  Australia Comedian
Julia Morris  Australia Entertainer
2021[c] Kirsty Buising  Australia Infectious diseases physician
Pravini Fernando  Australia Cleaner
Drew Law  Australia Supermarket worker
2022 Fifi Box  Australia Radio presenter
Peter Hitchener  Australia Television presenter
2023 Rhonda Burchmore  Australia Entertainer
Rob Mills  Australia Entertainer
2024 Emma Watkins  Australia Children's entertainer
Peter Helliar  Australia Comedian
  1. ^ Australian clowns Zig and Zag (portrayed by Jack Perry and Doug McKenzie respectively) had been announced as the 1999 Monarchs but not yet crowned when it became publicly known that Perry had sexually assaulted his granddaughter. As a result, the pair were not crowned. There was no replacement Monarch that year, and the concept as a whole was rested until 2010.
  2. ^ In 2013, eight community and emergency services organisations (Ambulance Victoria, the Country Fire Authority, the Department of Sustainability and Environment, the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, The Salvation Army, St John Ambulance Australia, Victoria Police and Victoria State Emergency Service) were honoured by the monarchy. These were represented by seven monarchs (one of the monarchs represented both ambulance organisations).[24][25][26]
  3. ^ In 2021, three workers in roles particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic were selected as monarchs.[27]

Queens of the Pacific (1967–1977)

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The Queen of the Pacific was a title contested by representatives from various countries and administrations from the Pacific and South-East Asian regions. It was decided by a beauty contest.[28] The title was awarded from 1967 to 1977.

Year Monarch Representing Notes
1967 Betty Lim Saw Yim  Malaysia
1968 Baby Santiago  Philippines
1969 Hiroko Suzuki  Japan
1970 Deirdre Bruton  New Zealand
1971 Nelia Sancho  Philippines
1972 Abigail Banglos  Hawaii
1973 Irene Rebecca Soetanto  Indonesia Runner Up of Ratu Indonesia (Queen of Indonesia) 1973
1974 Doris Dodge  California
1975 Fransisca Warastoeti  Indonesia Winner of Puteri Indonesia (Miss Indonesia) 1975
1976 Suzie Cross  Australia
1977 Lei Maa  Hawaii

Young Ambassadors (2003–200?)

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The title of "Young Ambassador" was awarded during part of the period during which no monarchs were named (1999 to 2009). It was first awarded in 2003.[20][29]

Year Ambassador Notability
2003 Carrie Stoney Ultramarathoner supporting Beyond Blue (mental health)
2004 Sam Quinn Australian Deaflympian basketballer
2005 Alan Wu Youth advocate
2006 Natalie Bassingthwaighte Entertainer
2007 Trisha Broadbridge Boxing Day tsunami survivor and youth leader

From approximately 1981 to 1988 there were also instances where Moomba included a Prince and Princess of Moomba designation consisting of two children chosen through a competition held by local radio station 3KZ.[30]

Fireworks

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Fireworks are a big part of the Moomba festival and large displays occur on every night of the festival. The fireworks are above the Yarra river.

Carnival

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A traditional carnival including a ferris wheel are held in the Alexandra Gardens along the river bank. In recent years, the carnival has extended to Birrarung Marr across the river. It is popular with children, and dagwood dogs and doughnut stands line the paths.

River activities

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Moomba particularly celebrates the Yarra River, which has been much maligned during the history of the city until the last few decades.

Water skiing

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Water stunts

Water skiing in the Yarra was introduced to Moomba in 1959. The tournament has both Junior and Open divisions, with the finals crowning the Moomba Masters Champions on Moomba Monday.

River floats

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The festival has featured Chinese dragon boats and the Moomba Showboat.

Birdman rally

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Among the more popular events is the Birdman Rally, begun in 1976, which is traditionally held at the Swan Street Bridge over the Yarra River. However it has been held only intermittently during Moomba's history. It was stopped for a number of years due to high levels of E. coli contamination of the Yarra. Subsequent clean-ups reduced pollution to acceptable levels and 2004 saw its return. In 2005, the rally was held in the new inner city park, Birrarung Marr, close to its traditional location.[31][32]

Music and live bands

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Kimbra performing at Moomba in 2011

Moomba's performers have included international musical acts such as ABBA, Neil Diamond and AC/DC as well as a number of smaller local acts.

In 2012, performers included Tex Perkins and Daryl Braithwaite.

Citations

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  1. ^ Powley 2017.
  2. ^ "'Moomba' gala next year". The Argus. 13 May 1954. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  3. ^ pg4. The Argus Wednesday 1 December 1954
  4. ^ a b Dubecki 2008.
  5. ^ a b Kelly 2011.
  6. ^ Hercus 1969, p. 371.
  7. ^ Moore 2001, p. 131.
  8. ^ Blake 1981, p. 84.
  9. ^ "It's a gay day today". The Argus. 12 March 1955. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  10. ^ "With the Churchmen: 'Moomba spirit leading us to decay". The Argus. 14 March 1955. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  11. ^ "Councillor defends Moomba". The Argus. 15 March 1955. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  12. ^ "Opening of the Herald Sun Art Show, East Melbourne Treasury Gardens, 1959". Victorian Places. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  13. ^ "The Herald Outdoor Art Show, Treasury Gardens, Melbourne". STATE LIBRARY VICTORIA. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  14. ^ Melbourne street brawl blamed on Apex gang after Moomba festival Sunday 13 March 2016. The Guardian Retrieved 18 May 2016
  15. ^ "The Herald Outdoor Art Show, Treasury Gardens, Melbourne". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  16. ^ "Victoria records zero new local coronavirus cases, Moomba festival is called off". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021. Melbourne City Council says COVID-19 restrictions and the five-day lockdown mean it is not feasible to run Moomba.
  17. ^ "Moomba 2.0 locked in for long weekend". www.melbourne.vic.gov.au (Press release). City of Melbourne. 19 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021. Moomba festival will proceed, with a revised program and format to ensure the event will delight Melbourne families and meet COVID-19 safety requirements.
  18. ^ Brown, Melissa; Vallance, Syan (9 March 2024). "Long weekend heatwave causes Moomba Parade cancellation and festival disruptions". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  19. ^ a b Craig Bellamy, Gordon Chisholm, Hilary Eriksen (17 February 2006) Moomba: A festival for the people.: http://www.craigbellamy.net/images/moomba.pdf PDF pp 17-22
  20. ^ a b c "Moomba Monarchs". Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  21. ^ "Beauty Queen Killed in Car Smash". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 May 1966. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  22. ^ "Moomba king returns to throne". The Canberra Times. 8 March 1969. p. 3. Retrieved 21 August 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ^ Barry, Evonne (16 February 2010). "Molly Meldrum and Kate Ceberano the new king and queen of Moomba". Herald Sun. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  24. ^ "Moomba 2013". Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  25. ^ Lee, Lionel (5 March 2013). "The 7 Kings and Queens of Moomba 2013". WeekendNotes. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  26. ^ "Moomba honours Victoria's unsung heroes". The Age. 18 February 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  27. ^ Estcourt, David (1 March 2021). "'Everyday community heroes': Cleaner, supermarket worker and doctor honoured as 2021 Moomba monarchs". The Age. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  28. ^ "All quiet on Pacific front". The Canberra Times. 6 March 1968. p. 19. Retrieved 21 August 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  29. ^ Mary Bolling & Matthew Schulz, (12 March 2007) Moomba thrills young and old: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,21366832-421,00.html article from Herald Sun
  30. ^ Walker, R. R (1984). Dial 1179: The 3KZ Story. Curry O'Neil. p. 197. ISBN 9780855505967. OCLC 12663214.
  31. ^ "Moomba Birdman Rally 2020". www.onlymelbourne.com.au. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  32. ^ "Is it safe to swim in the Yarra River?". ABC News. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2019.

References

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Other reading

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Eckersley, M. 2012. 'Australian Indigenous Drama'. Tasman Press. Altona.

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